[Announcement] National Professional Standards for Welders

Release time：2024-03-13

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1、 Occupational definition

Personnel who operate welding and gas cutting equipment to weld or cut metal workpieces into shape.

2、 Basic knowledge:

1. Knowledge of Map Recognition

(1) Simple assembly drawings and reading knowledge;

(2) Welding assembly reading knowledge;

(3) Welding symbols and welding method codes represent the method.

2. Knowledge of Metallurgy and Heat Treatment

(1) General knowledge of metal crystal structure;

(2) The microstructure of the alloy and the basic structure of iron carbon alloys;

(3) Construction and application of Fe-C phase diagram;

(4) Basic knowledge of heat treatment of steel.

3. Knowledge of commonly used metal materials

(1) The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of commonly used metal materials;

(2) Classification, grades, composition, properties, and uses of carbon structural steel, alloy steel, cast iron, and non-ferrous metals.

4. Basic knowledge of electricians

(1) Basic knowledge of direct electricity and electromagnetism;

(2) Exchange basic concepts of the people;

(3) The structure and basic working principle of transformers;

(4) How to use ammeters and voltmeters.

5. Basic knowledge of chemistry

(1) Chemical element symbols;

(2) Atomic structure;

(3) The chemical reaction formula of Pinyin.

6. Knowledge of safety, health, and environmental protection

(1) Knowledge of safe electricity use;

(2) Welding environmental protection and safety operating procedures;

(3) Knowledge of welding labor protection;

(4) Safety operating procedures for special conditions and materials.

7. Basic knowledge of cold working

(1) Basic knowledge of fitters;

(2) Basic knowledge of sheet metal working.

3、 Job requirements

intermediate

Occupational functions

Job responsibilities

Skill requirements

Related knowledge

weld

ago

accurate

prepare

（1） Security check

Capable of conducting safety inspections on site equipment and fixtures

Safety operating procedures

（2） Preparation of welding materials

1. Correct selection and use of commonly used metal materials for welding rods

Principles of Welding Metallurgy

2. Selection and Use of Welding Rods for Common Metal Materials

2. Correct selection and use of welding flux

1. The function of flux

2. Classification and model of welding flux

3. The use of welding flux

3. Correct selection and use of protective gases

1. Types and properties of protective gases

2. Protective gas usage

4. Correct selection and use of welding wires

Types, models, compositions, properties, and usage of welding wires

（3） Workpiece preparation

1. Able to prepare welding grooves at different positions

2. Capable of controlling welding deformation

3. Capable of preheating before welding

4. Capable of welding component assembly and positioning welding

1. Selection of groove for different welding positions

2. Welding deformation knowledge

3. Preheating effect and method before welding

4. Basic requirements for pairing and positioning welding

（4） Equipment preparation

1. Can correctly select auxiliary devices such as manual arc welding machines, submerged arc welding machines, gas shielded welding machines, resistance welding machines, etc

1. Classification and composition of submerged arc welding machines

2. Working principle of submerged arc welding machine

3. Tungsten electrode argon arc welding machine and auxiliary equipment

4. Carbon dioxide gas shielded welding machine and auxiliary devices

weld

meet

Able to use commonly used welding methods to weld common metal materials

（1） Application of commonly used stacking methods (one can be chosen according to the applicant's situation)

1. Manual arc welding

1. Capable of single-sided welding and double-sided forming for vertical and horizontal welding of low-carbon steel flat plates

2. Capable of overhead welding for low-carbon steel flat plate docking

3. Single sided welding and double-sided forming capable of vertically fixing low-carbon steel pipes

4. Capable of horizontal fixed welding of low-carbon steel pipes

1. Welding process parameters at different positions

2. Process points at different positions

2. Submerged arc welding

1. Capable of operating submerged arc welding machines

1. Working principle, characteristics, and application scope of submerged arc welding

2. Principle of automatic adjustment for submerged arc welding

2. Able to correctly select submerged arc welding process parameters

Submerged arc welding process parameters

3. Capable of double-sided welding of flat plates for medium and thick plates

Key points of submerged arc welding operation

3. Tungsten inert gas arc welding

1. Being able to correctly select the manual tungsten inert gas arc welding process

2. Capable of performing manual tungsten inert gas arc welding with single side welding and double-sided forming

3. Capable of performing near manual tungsten argon arc welding for bottoming, manual arc welding for filling, and covering

1. Working principle, characteristics, and application scope of manual tungsten inert gas arc welding

2. Manual tungsten inert gas arc welding handicraft parameters Manual tungsten inert gas arc welding operation points

4. Carbon dioxide gas shielded welding

1. Able to correctly select semi-automatic carbon dioxide gas shielded welding process

1. The working principle, characteristics, and application scope of carbon dioxide gas shielded welding

2. Excessive droplet and spatter in carbon dioxide gas shielded welding

3. Semi automatic carbon dioxide gas shielded welding process

2. Capable of performing various positions of semi-automatic carbon dioxide gas shielded welding plates with single-sided welding and double-sided forming

Key points of semi-automatic carbon dioxide welding operation

5. Resistance welding

1. Being able to correctly select resistance welding process parameters

2. Capable of performing resistance welding machine operations

3. Capable of spot welding thin plates and butt welding steel bars

1. Principle, classification, characteristics, and application scope of resistance welding

2. Spot welding process

3. Butt welding process

4. Key points for spot welding and butt welding operations

6. Plasma welding and cutting

1. Able to perform plasma cutting of austenitic stainless steel

Characteristics and classification of plasma arc

2. Capable of welding austenitic stainless steel

1. Classification of plasma welding methods

2. Plasma welding process

7. Application of other welding methods (brazing, etc.)

Able to use the selected welding method for welding

1. Principles and application scope of other welding methods

2. Equipment and processes for other welding methods

（2） Quality control of welded joints

1. Control the microstructure and properties of welded joints

1. Capable of controlling various microstructures that appear in welded joints after welding

1. Primary and secondary crystallization of welding melt pool

2. The influence of harmful gases and elements in welds

3. Structure and properties of heat affected zone in welded joints

2. Capable of controlling and improving the performance of welded joints

1. Factors affecting welded joints

2. Measures to control and improve the performance of welded joints

2. Control welding stress and deformation

1. Capable of controlling and correcting residual welding deformation

1. The causes of welding stress and deformation

2. Classification of welding residual deformation and residual stress

3. Measures to control residual welding deformation

4. Methods for residual deformation of Jiaozheng

2. Can reduce and eliminate welding residual stress

1. Measures to reduce welding residual stress

2. Methods for eliminating residual stress

（3） Welding of commonly used metal materials (one can be selected according to the applicant's situation)

1. Welding of Low Alloy Structural Steel

Ability to choose low alloy structural welding materials and processes

1. Concept of weldability

2. Weldability of Low Alloy Structural Steel

3. Welding process of low alloy structural steel

2. Welding of pearlite heat-resistant steel and low-temperature steel

Ability to choose pearlite heat-resistant and low-temperature steel welding materials and processes

1. Weldability of pearlite heat-resistant steel and low-temperature steel

2. Welding process of pearlite heat-resistant steel and low-temperature steel

3. Welding of austenitic stainless steel

Ability to choose austenitic stainless steel welding materials and processes

Classification and Properties of Stainless Steel Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel

2. Austenitic stainless steel welding process

III

weld

after

check

（1） Welding defect analysis

1. Can prevent welding defects

1. Types and characteristics of welding defects

2. The hazards of welding defects

3. The causes of welding defects

4. Preventive measures for welding defects

2. Capable of repairing welding defects

1. Welding defect repair requirements

2. Welding defect repair method

（2） Welding inspection

1. Able to inspect the appearance defects of welded joints

1. Classification of welding inspection methods

2. The application scope of welding inspection methods

2. Able to evaluate welding quality based on mechanical properties and X-ray inspection results

1. Destructive testing methods

2. Mechanical performance evaluation standards

3. The working principle of non-destructive testing methods

4. X-ray evaluation standards

2. Advanced

Occupational functions

Job responsibilities

Skill requirements

Related knowledge

weld

ago

accurate

prepare

（1） Security check

Capable of conducting safety inspections on site equipment and fixtures

Safety operating procedures

（2） Preparation of welding materials

Able to correctly select welding rods and wires

Selection and use of welding rods and wires for cast iron, non-ferrous metals, dissimilar metals, etc

（3） Work preparation

Capable of preparing grooves for cast iron, non-ferrous metals, dissimilar metals, etc

1. Properties of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and dissimilar metals

2. Preparation requirements for welding of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and dissimilar metals

（4） Equipment preparation

Capable of debugging welding equipment

Debugging methods for welding equipment

weld

meet

Able to use commonly used welding methods to weld various (common and special) materials

（1） Welding joint test

Preparation of test specimens capable of conducting welding joint tests

1. Mechanical performance test of welded joints

2. Welding joint weldability test

（2） Special material welding (one can be selected according to the applicant's situation)

1. Cast iron welding

Capable of welding and repairing gray cast iron

1. Classification of cast iron

2. The weldability of cast iron

3. Welding process of cast iron

2. Nonferrous metal welding

1. Capable of welding aluminum and its alloys

1. Classification of aluminum and its alloys

2. Weldability of aluminum and its alloys

3. Welding process of aluminum and its alloys

2. Capable of welding copper and its alloys

1. Classification of copper and its alloys

2. Weldability of copper and its alloys

3. Welding process of copper and its alloys

3. Capable of welding titanium and its alloys

1. Classification and properties of titanium and its alloys

2. Weldability of titanium and its alloys

3. Welding process of titanium and its alloys

3. Welding of dissimilar metals

1. Capable of single-sided welding and double-sided forming of pearlite steel and austenitic stainless steel

1. Weldability of dissimilar steels

2. Welding process of pearlite steel and austenitic stainless steel (including composite steel plates)

2. Capable of welding low carbon steel and low alloy steel

1. Weldability of Low Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel

2. Welding Process of Low Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel

（3） Application of manual arc welding or other welding methods

1. Able to perform flat plate welding at an elevated position, with single-sided welding and double-sided forming

2. Capable of single-sided welding and double-sided forming for horizontal fixed position of pipeline docking

3. Capable of single side welding and double-sided forming at the top welding position of the saddle type tube plate

4. Single sided welding and double-sided forming capable of vertically fixing and horizontally fixing small diameter pipes with obstacles

5. Can handle small diameter pipes 45. Oblique fixed single-sided welding double-sided forming

Key points for welding operations in various positions

（4） Typical container and structural welding

Capable of welding typical containers and structures

1. Characteristics and Welding of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Structures

2. The characteristics and welding of Liang Xinzhu

III

weld

after

check

（1） Welding defect analysis

1. Can prevent welding defects of special materials

2. Can prevent welding defects in typical container machinery and structures

1. Reasons and preventive measures for welding defects in special materials

2. Reasons and preventive measures for welding defects in typical containers and structures

（2） Welding inspection

1. Capable of conducting penetration tests

2. Capable of conducting water pressure tests